To solve tthe problems of significant large deformation of surrounding rock and frequent failure of support systems in deep soft rock roadways， this study takes the surrounding rock control of the pedestrian downhill roadway in the 12th mining area of a coal mine in Anhui Province as the engineering background， analyzes the failure mechanism of deep soft rock roadways， and proposes a targeted rework control scheme for roadway surrounding rock， which has been successfully applied in engineering practice. The results show that： （1）The main causes of roadway deformation and failure include weak lithology and low strength of surrounding rock， large burial depth， high in-situ stress， and unreasonable design of the original support parameters. （2）After the application of the rework control scheme， the expansion of the plastic zone and the deformation of each part of the roadway surrounding rock are effectively suppressed. The plastic zone ranges of the roof， two sides and floor are 1.8， 1.6 and 2.7 m， respectively， and the corresponding deformations are 105， 245 and 133 mm， respectively. The reduction degrees of all deformation indicators compared with the original support scheme exceed 76.3%. （3）Field engineering application results show that the deformation of each part of the roadway surrounding rock is relatively small， presenting the characteristic of "deformation of two sides > roof subsidence > floor heave". The maximum deformation of the two sides is only 222 mm， and the surrounding rock control effect is remarkable. The research results can provide a reference for the support design and parameter optimization of similar roadways.