四川省科技计划项目(2016NZ0056)?四川省“十三五”薯类育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0032-4)?国家现代农业产业技 术体系四川薯类创新团队(川财教〔2019〕59 号)?四川省主要粮食作物农业气象指标研究(省重实验室 2018-重点- 05-01)?
[目的]研究适宜于川西南高海拔山区马铃薯肥料施用及种植密度的优化种植技术模式ꎮ [方法]采用二次正交旋转 组合设计ꎬ研究 N、P、K 肥及种植密度对“西芋 3 号”产量、主茎数及净光合速率的影响ꎮ [结果]各试验因子对净光合速率影 响的重要程度为:氮肥>磷肥>种植密度>钾肥ꎻ对主茎数的影响重要程度为:氮肥>种植密度>磷肥>钾肥ꎻ对产量影响的重要 程度为:钾肥>氮肥>磷肥>种植密度ꎮ 产量大于 2 000 kg / 667 m2 、净光合速率大于 16 μmol / (m2s)及主茎数在 3~ 6 个/ 穴的 试验方案共计 39 套ꎮ [结论]高产栽培应合理控密控氮ꎬ施足磷肥ꎬ增施钾肥ꎮ 马铃薯“西芋 3 号”最适农艺措施为:种植密度 4 317~ 4 529 株/ 667 m2 、N 施用量 6.39 ~ 7.52 kg / 667 m2 、P2 O5 施用量 5.00 ~ 5.83 kg / 667 m2 、K2 O 施用量 24.94 ~ 28.66 kg / 667 m2 ꎮ
[Purpose]The optimal planting technology model of potato fertilizer application and planting density in high al ̄ titude mountain area of southwest Sichuan was studied.[Method] The effects of Nꎬ Pꎬ K fertilizers and planting density on yieldꎬ main stem number and net photosynthetic rate of " Xiyu3" were studied by quadratic orthogonal rotation combi ̄ nation design. [Result]The effect on net photosynthetic rate represented as:Nitrogenous fertilizer> Phosphate fertilizer> Planting density>Potassic fertilizer.The effect on the number of main stems represented as:Nitrogenous fertilizer> Planting density> Phosphate fertilizer>Potassic fertilizer.The effect of each experimental factor on the yield was shown as:Potassic fertilizer> Nitrogenousfertilizer> Phosphate fertilizer> Planting density. A total of 39 sets of test schemes with the yield higher than 2 000 kg / 667 m2 ꎬ the net photosynthetic rate of more than 16 μmol / (m2s) and the number of main stems of 3~ 6 per hole was designed. [Conclusion]In high ̄yield cultivationꎬ nitrogen should be controlled reasonablyꎻ enough phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be applied.The agronomic measures of potato " Xiyu3" should come as the following:planting density 4 607~ 4 861 plant / 667 m2 ꎬ N application rate 6.39 ~ 7.52 kg / 667 m2 ꎬ P2O5 application rate 5.00~ 5.83 kg / 667 m2 ꎬ K2O application rate 24.92~ 28.66 kg / 667 m2 .
李佩华1 ꎬ 李 锟1ꎬ毛慧颖2 ꎬ方志荣1 ꎬ 清 源1ꎬ 蔡光泽1ꎬ彭正松1∗.“西芋 3 号”高产栽培密度和施肥量研究[J].西昌学院学报(自然科学版),2021,35(2):23-30.