Mathematical modeling is introduced to describe inventory management, performance evaluation and other daily operation processes in the proposed blood supply chain with one blood center and three hospitals, then the authors optimize the 52-week operation with MATLAB and use genetic algorithm to get solutions. The simulation optimization results show: (1) centralized control can reduce the system-wide outdate rate from 39.5% to 8.2%; (2) the improving extent of centralized control is affected by supply distribution dramatically; (3) when the supply is allowing SDT pattern, taking centralized control can reduce system-wide outdate rate significantly.