Objective: to investigate the effect of exercise therapy on the rehabilitation of chronic lower back pain. Methods: this paper uses the literature data method, the experiment method and the mathematical statistics method to carry on the research. The 18 cases of patients with chronic low back pain which meet the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria have an exercise therapy for a period of a month. Results: the waist pain was significantly relieved in 18 patients, the data were significantly different (P<0.01) before and after the VAS test. The activity of the lumbar region was improved (P<0.01); the waist muscle strength increased (P<0.01); the main body felt the deviation degree was small (P>0.01). Conclusion: exercise therapy has a significant effect on lower back pain