Proteomics has become a hot topic in life sciences with its unique perspective and important role in the post-genomic era. As an important branch of life sciences， the research of animal science bears great significance on human life. The application of proteomics in animal science has become widespread. This paper expounds the concept of proteomics and its related technologies， and summarizes and reviews the current status of proteomics research in animal reproduction， nutrition， genetic breeding and disease control in recent years. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for research and production practice in the field of animal science in terms of the protein level.