氮磷肥施用量对油橄榄产量与品质的影响
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四川省科技计划项目(2020YFH0207);西昌市科技计划项目(19YYJS18)。


Effect of the Application Amount of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on the Yield and Quality of Olea europaea L.
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    摘要:

    [目的]探讨氮磷肥施用量对油橄榄生长发育及产量和品质的影响,以期为凉山州油橄榄合理施肥提供理论依据。 [方法]在西昌红色山地黏土土壤条件下,以 8 年生‘白橄榄’品种 Bornea 为试验材料,研究施 N 量分别为 0,75,150 和 225 kg / hm2 ,施 P 量分别为 0,100,200 kg / hm2时,油橄榄地径生长量、枝条生长量、花果特性、产量和品质在不同水平氮肥、磷肥施用 量下的变化情况。 [结果](1)增施 N 肥 150 kg / hm2 、P 肥 100 kg / hm2时能显著促进油橄榄枝条和地径生长,同时显著增加油 橄榄的花序数、小花数、完全花率、坐果率、单株果实数量和单株产量。 (2)低 N 处理(75 kg / hm2 )对橄榄油的酸值和总多酚含 量没有明显影响,当施 N 量达到 150 kg / hm2时会显著增加橄榄油酸值,降低总多酚含量,从而降低橄榄油的品质和稳定性。 (3)高 N 处理(225 kg / hm2 )会显著降低橄榄油中单不饱和脂肪酸(油酸)含量,同时显著增加多不饱和脂肪酸含量,从而导致 橄榄油稳定性进一步降低。 (4)P 肥施用量 100 kg / hm2会显著提高总多酚含量,从而提高橄榄油的品质和稳定性。 (5)高 P 处理(200 kg / hm2 )会显著提高橄榄油中单不饱和脂肪酸(油酸)含量,显著降低多不饱和脂肪酸(棕榈油酸和亚油酸)含量,使 橄榄油稳定性增强。 [结论]以高产为主要目标时,采用年施 N 肥 150 kg / hm2 、施 P 肥 100 kg / hm2 ꎻ以优质为主要目标时,采用 年施 N 肥 75 kg / hm2 、施 P 肥 100 kg / hm2 。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] In order to provide theoretical basis for scientific fertilization on olive in Liangshan Prefectureꎬ the effects of application amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on the growthꎬ yield and quality of olive were investiga ̄ ted in this study. [ Methods] Under the mountain clay soil conditions in Xichangꎬ a cultivated white olive variety ‘Bornea’ of Olea europaea L. of eight year old was used as experimental material to study the effects of N with the appli ̄ cation amounts of 0ꎬ 75ꎬ 150 and 225 kg / hm2 and P with application amounts of 0ꎬ 100 and 200 kg / hm2 on ground diam ̄ eterꎬ branch growthꎬ flower and fruit characteristicsꎬ yield and quality of olive. [Results] (1) The growth of branches and ground diameters of olive was significantly promoted by applying N fertilizer of 150 kg / hm2 and P fertilizer of 100 kg / hm2 ꎬ and the flower numbersꎬ floret numbersꎬ complete flower ratesꎬ fruit setting ratesꎬ fruit numbers per plant and yields per plant were significantly increased under these N and P application amounts. (2)Low N treatment (75 kg / hm2 ) had no significant effect on the acid value and total polyphenol content of olive oil. When the N application amount reached 150 kg / hm2 ꎬ the oleic acid value of olive oil increased significantly and the total polyphenol content decreasedꎬ thus reducing the quality and stability of olive oil. (3) High N treatment (225 kg / hm2 ) significantly reduced the content of monounsat ̄ urated fatty acids (oleic acid)ꎬ and significantly increased the content of polyunsaturated fatty acidsꎬ which led to further decrease of olive oil stability. (4)Appropriate amount of P fertilizer (100 kg / hm2 ) can significantly increase the content of total polyphenolsꎬ thus improving the quality and stability of olive oil. (5) High P treatment (200 kg / hm2 ) significant ̄ ly increased the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid)ꎬ but significantly decreased the content of polyunsatu ̄ rated fatty acids (palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid)ꎬ which enhanced the stability of olive oil. [Conclusion] For the goal of high yieldꎬ it′s advised that the N and P fertilizers be applied with 150 kg / hm2 and 100 kg / hm2 annually in Xichang respectivelyꎻ When taking high quality as the main goalꎬ the annual N fertilizer application amount was suggested at 75 kg / hm2 and P fertilizer at 100 kg / hm2 .

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曲继鹏1a,2 ,陈 涛1a,冯士令1a,李 天1b ,苏光灿3 ,丁春邦1a∗.氮磷肥施用量对油橄榄产量与品质的影响[J].西昌学院学报(自然科学版),2021,35(3):1-6.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-10-28