As a soilless cultivation technique developed in recent years, aeroponic cultivation has many advantages over traditional cultivation methods. Regulation of nutrient elements in nutrient solutions is a key technique for higher yields of mini-size potato. In our study, virus-free cuvette plantlets of potato cultivar 'Mira' were used as test materials, and at the stage of hydroponic seedling, the ratio of KNO3, KH2PO4 and NH4NO3 in improved Hogagland solution were optimized by Box-Behnken design. The optimized ratio of the three nutrients (i.e., optimized Hoagland) were: KNO3 645 mg/L, KH2PO4 230 mg/L and NH4NO3 120 mg/L, and this nutrient solution was used for the follow-up test of aeroponic cultivation of mini-size potato species. At the plant growth stage in the aeroponic cultivation, the heights and leaf sizes of potato plants cultivated by optimized Hoagland formula both increased significantly compared with those of potato plants cultivated by improved Hogagland and Dutch formulas, but the numbers of stolons and stolon branches of plants cultivated by optimized Hoagland formula were lower than those of plants cultivated by the latter two formulas. At the stage of tuber formation, potato plants cultivated with 330 mg/L KH2PO4 produced a significantly larger number of tuber per plant than those cultivated with 230 mg/L KH2PO4, and 530 mg/L KH2PO4 can significantly increase single tuber weight and the biggest tuber weight. Different nutrient solutions can be used at different potato growth stages in the aeroponic cultivation, but they need to be further tested and verified before their applications to large-scale potato cultivations.