In this study, the 6 indicators such as R&D personnel full-time equivalent are as science and technology input, and 5 indicators such as amount of patent applications accepted are as scientific and technological output. The entropy weight method is used to calculate the weight of technology input and output from 2008 to 2015 in various regions of China. The index system method is applied to construct the efficiency model of science and technology resource allocation, and to calculate the efficiency of science and technology resource allocation in various regions and the characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution. Employing the ANN-GA method, it is concluded that the optimal solution of allocation efficiency of science and technology resources, the input and output of science and technology resources is calculated, and compared with Beijing, this paper is to guide and improve the efficiency of science and technology resource allocation