By applying the crop straws in cadmium contaminated soil, the effects of different kinds of crop straws on photosynthetic characteristics of rice are studied in this paper. The results showed that the straw of rape and straw of wheat significantly increases the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under cadmium stress. The total biomass of rice is significantly increased by applying straw of wheat in cadmium treated soil compared with control. There are no obvious effects on the content of starch and total sugar after both straws of rape and wheat. However, applying straw of wheat in cadmium treated soil significantly increases the content of starch and total sugar in over ground part, but decreases the content of total sugar in underground part compared with control. Therefore, applying the straw of rape and wheat in Cd contaminated soil can improve the resistance of heavy metal of rice, and different kind of straw had different treatment effects.