Taking Anhui Normal University as an example, this paper tries to explore the relationship between social expectation and academic self-efficacy of postgraduates. 230 postgraduates in Anhui Normal University answered the questionnaire. And the result shows that the level of social expectation is on upper middle, and the grade difference are mainly reflected in it. However, the choice of further study such as postgraduate studying is not a part of social expectation. The academic self-efficacy of postgraduate students is also on upper middle level, and sex difference are embodied in class and scientific research. The differences among cross-discipline postgraduate students are demonstrated in class, scientific research and social practice. Meeting the social expectation and academic self-efficacy in scientific research is of positive relevance with student's academic self-efficacy in social practice.