The tobacco planting soil of Nange township Huili county is collected as a standard sample. After thebelongs to moderate pollution grade，while the rest is free from contamination or belongs to light pollution grade. In the evaluation of the health risks and ecological risks of tobacco planting soil，Pb health values are in a low risk level, and Pb ecological risks are in a medium risk level. Cd is in a high risk level because of exceeding badly. We can see from this，the status of the heavy metal content of the tobacco planting soil of Nange township of Huili county is not optimistic，and it is worth our long-term attention. sample digested，the ICP atom absorption spectrum apparatus in used to determine the heavy metal content of lead， cadmium，arsenic and chromium in the sample，and the single factor index method is used to evaluate and analyse the pollution status. The results of the study show that the average percentage of this 4 kinds of heavy metals in the tobacco planting soil of Nange township is：Pb 289.17 mg/kg，Cd 6.25 mg/kg，Cr 73.92 mg/kg，As 16.08 mg/kg. Compared with the soil environmental quality standard values，Cd belongs to severe pollution grade，