The regulation and optimization of capital structure is to make the capital structure of enterprises best mainly by changing the capital financing cost via the change of liability level. When doing financing, state-owned enterprises should fully consider advantages and disadvantages of liability financing, equity financing and the capital cost and their effects on the management of enterprises. They should avoid excessive dependence on the outside financing without paying attention to internal resource accumulation. They should avoid excessive preference to equity financing without paying attention to debt-to-equity capital ratio. When deciding the best debt ratio, the relationship between earning ability and debt ratio, the relationship between management risk and financial risk, and the relationship between capital structure and assets structure should be fully considered so as to make a rational decision of the methods and scales of financing, to make a rational decision and optimized regulation of capital structure, to reduce financial risks and capital cost, and to maximum the global value of enterprises.