Based on the objective of building China into a relatively well-off and industrialized society, compared with the issue of farmer, rural area and agriculture, as well as the question of the transfer of surplus rural labor which were brought forth last century, we put forward these questions again, with a new denotation and requirements, also different background, starting point and objectives. The transfer of rural surplus labor has now encountered new problems such as urban laid-off workers and technological barrier. Through an analysis and comparison of China's and foreign countries' labor flow patterns, the authors put forward some new suggestions as to the theory, system and measures of rural surplus labor transfer.