To explore the impact and mechanism of R&D investment in construction enterprises on total factor productivity. a sample of construction companies， listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2014 to 2023 ， was selected. Fixed effect models and mediation effect models were constructed， and the impact of R&D investment and technological progress on total factor productivity in construction companies was empirically tested. There is a significant correlation between R&D investment and total factor productivity of construction enterprises，showing a U-shaped trend. This correlation is influenced by the nature of enterprise ownership， The R&D investment in construction enterprises promotes the improvement of total factor productivity by influencing technological progress. Based on this， suggestions are put forward to improve the total factor productivity of construction enterprises and promote high-quality development of the construction industry.