Objective To clarify the effects of different photoperiods on various life parameters of the wheat aphid （Sitobion avenae）.Method Life tables of the wheat aphid （Sitobion avenae） were established under different light duration conditions， set at 4L∶20D， 8L∶16D， 12L∶12D， 14L∶10D， 16L∶8D， and 20L∶4D. By analyzing the fitting equations of various life parameters with respect to different light durations， the optimal light duration for the wheat aphid was determined.Result The nymphal period of Sitobion avenae decreased with increasing light duration， with the longest nymphal period（9.26 d） observed under a 4-hour photoperiod， significantly longer than under other conditions（P<0.05）. At a 4L∶20D photoperiod， the survival rate was the lowest， with the shortest reproductive period（4.73 d） and lifespan（14.00 d）. Conversely， at a 14L∶10D photoperiod， the reproductive period（19.24 d） and lifespan（31.92 d） were the longest. The lowest fecundity was observed at a 4L：20D photoperiod， while the highest fecundity was recorded at a 16L∶8D photoperiod. The intrinsic growth rate（r_m） and finite growth rate（λ） of Sitobion avenae were significantly higher at 14 and 16 hours of light compared to 4， 8， 12， and 20 hours， with the highest rate at 14 hours （P<0.05）.Conclusion Analysis of life parameters and photoperiods indicates that the optimal photoperiod for Sitobion avenae is concentrated around 15 to 18 hours per day. It is inferred that the most suitable light duration for the growth and development of Sitobion avenae is 15 to 18 hours per day.