Taking Ranyi Town， Qionglai City， Sichuan Province as the research object， and taking the third-phase high-resolution remote sensing image maps of 2012，2015 and 2018 as the basic data， we used visual interpretation method combined with ArcGIS to draw the current situation map of Ranyi Town''s third-phase land use type and to establish the land use transfer matrix. Based on this， we used the Fragstats Landscape Index Calculation Software and obtained the changes of landscape pattern index in Ranyi Town. The results show that： （1）The arable land area in Ranyi Town increases and the degree of aggregation increases， and the arable land landscape becomes more compact and large-scaled； （2）The dominance of the urban construction land area increases， and the dominance and fragmentation of the residential land area decreases； （3）The richness and equilibrium of the landscape pattern of Ranyi Town decreases in the period from 2012 to 2018； （4）Changes in industrial structure， ecological cultural development， and comprehensive land management are the main factors affecting the change of land use landscape pattern in Ranyi Town.