s: In the context of the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin becoming a major national strategy, and the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin being the main subject of optimising the spatial pattern of Gansu, the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin has become an important part of the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin and the main bearing area for the socio-economic development of Gansu Province. The study explores the evolution characteristics, dynamics and regularity of the spatial structure of the urban economy in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin from three aspects: the structure of urban economic linkage network, the structure of urban competitive advantage and the structure of industrial agglomeration, respectively, with the help of the gravitational force model, the location quotient index and the geographic probe. The results found that: (1) The level of the regional economic linkage network and the level of competitive advantage of the towns are gradually increasing, and their structure is evolving from monocentric to polycentric, while the agglomeration structure of the primary industry has undergone the evolution process of "global structure - perforated structure", the agglomeration structure of the secondary industry is perforated structure, and this structure is gradually increasing. The agglomeration structure of the tertiary industry has undergone the evolution process of "perforated structure - localized structure - perforated structure". (2) The competitive advantage of cities and towns in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin is closely related to local government fiscal revenue, and the higher the proportion of corresponding industrial output value, the more concentrated the industrial development.In addition, under the influence of the supply-side reform of ecological protection, the road of de-industrialisation and industrial transformation has begun, and the proportion of fixed asset investment and government financial expenditure in the secondary industry will decline.