: To study the effect of chemical composition and proportion on smoking sensory quality of cigarettes, major brands of cigarettes in China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Company were sampled to determine their major chemical elements and the sensory qualities. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted on the chemical indexes and sensory evaluation indexes of cigarettes. The results showed that the aroma, impurities, irritation and aftertaste of cigarette sensory evaluation indicators were positively correlated with sugar-nitrogen ratio, sugar-nicotine ratio and total sugar, and negatively correlated with chlorine, potassium and total nitrogen. The chemical indexes affecting the sensory qualities of cigarettes (aroma, impurities, irritation and aftertaste) are: sugar-nitrogen ratio > total sugar > sugar-nicotine ratio > potassium > chlorine > total nitrogen. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the sugar-nitrogen ratio of cigarettes had a significant effect on the changes of cigarette aroma, irritation and aftertaste, and the total sugar had a significant effect on the changes of impurities.