Synchytrium endobioticum is a lower obligate parasitic fungus causing potato wart. In this paper, the distribution, harm, biological traits, pathogenicity and determination, current molecular biological studies, disease prevention and control of potato wart in China and abroad are reviewed. Because of no reports so far about the progress of the whole genome sequencing of the potato obligate parasitic fungus, we raise the prospect for stepping up researches on the genome sequencing of the pathogens originated in different places and understanding genome sequence differences and their relationships to disease-resistant potato varieties, which could contribute to the disease-resistant genetic researches on potato wart and to the potato breeding work.