Curriculum organization is an indispensable part of university laboratory administration, and it is also a criteria to judge whether teaching is successful or not. Based on the various constraining factors of the curriculum scheduling, the principal component analysis (PCA) is adopted to analyze the key factors affecting the curriculum scheduling system of colleges and universities, and then the structural equation model is used to explore the effect path and correlation coefficient of key affecting factors on the curriculum scheduling system. The results show that curriculum scheduling process management has the maximum effect path coefficient of 0.438 on the curriculum scheduling system, the system management has 0.376, then basic information management has 0.188, and the least affecting factor of curriculum scheduling data preprocessing management has the minimum coefficient of 0.066. Our analysis results can be used to improve the quality of teaching service and to reduce the pressure on laboratory staffs.