For the next four factors restricting the development of chinese agriculture, we use the AHP （Analytic Hierarchy Process） to build the hierarchical model of agricultural development. According to the results of the model, it’s obvious that in current China, the most urgent problem is that ＆quot;200 million people are still not self-sufficient in food＆quot;. And the followed problem is＆quot;the poverty of rural people＆quot;. Problems of＆quot;lack of water and land＆quot; and ＆quot;urbanization＆quot; can be suspended, but it does not mean that we can neglect them. We had better solve these problems as soon as possible. Subsequently, we have specific analysis for these problems and give some advice to help improve the situation.